ICEND - A Term that David Boje and Michael Jones coined in 1982 to develop a story-based model of TD. The ICEND theory is that by convening people to interact, communicate their stories, and form common experience, a network for action and change develops (See Boje, 1982).

• I - Interactive - Share stories around issues
• C- Communicative - Stories of the collective
• E-Experiential
• N-Network
• D-Development

ICEND Model of Transorganizational Development

Three subsystems are formed. Subsystem One (outside process consultant) facilitates the formation of the second subsystem (internal problem solving networking cycle) so people can crystallize issues, identify leaders, form a temporary organization (of organizations) that will change the status quo response patterns of a TD1 (Subsystem Three: Extended Network Involvement Cycle).

Subsystem One: Outside Process Consultation Cycle

• I. Diagnosis
• II. Involvement
• III. Active Intervention
• IV. Support
• V. Evaluation

Subsystem Two: Internal Problem Solving & Networking Cycle

• I. Issue Crystallization (issues that bring form community)
• II. Locate Stakeholders
• III. Expanded Stakeholder Involvement
• IV. Search Conferences & Focus Group Intervention
• V. Convene Temporary Organization
• VI. Withdrawal of Temporary Organization (before bureaucracy sets in)
• VII. Assessment & Evaluation

Subsystem Three: Extended Network Involvement Cycle

• I. Issue Perceived More Widely in the Extended Network
• II. Initial Organizational Involvement beyond Temporary Organization
• III. Discovery of Under-employed Resources
• IV. Breakdown of Status Quo Response Patterns (Subsystem II Interventions in Extended Field)
• V. Demand Builds for Greater Organizational Involvement
• VI. Breakdown of Status Quo Responses.